Evaluation and Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma

The discussion focused on the diagnostic process for multiple myeloma, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive evaluation through various clinical tools. Diagnosing this complex disease requires the integration of multiple data points, including blood work, pathology results, and imaging studies. This information is essential not only for confirming the presence of myeloma but also for guiding treatment decisions. Advanced diagnostic assessments allow clinicians to tailor recommendations to the patient’s specific disease profile.

Blood testing plays a critical role in both diagnosing and monitoring multiple myeloma. Patients often undergo a wide array of lab tests, which can initially be overwhelming. To simplify this, clinicians help patients understand the most relevant results, such as complete blood counts, kidney function panels, and electrolyte levels. Additionally, disease-specific tests like serum protein electrophoresis and free light chain analysis provide key insights into the activity and extent of the disease. Educating patients about these core tests helps them engage more actively in their care and decision-making.

Beyond basic labs, further staging and risk assessment are vital components of initial evaluation. This includes tests like beta-2 microglobulin and LDH, which help stage the disease. A bone marrow biopsy with specialized chromosomal testing, known as FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization), identifies genetic abnormalities that can indicate whether a patient has standard or high-risk myeloma. Imaging, typically using PET scans, is also conducted to detect bone damage caused by the disease. Together, these evaluations form a comprehensive picture of the patient’s condition, allowing the care team to develop a personalized and informed treatment plan.