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Cancer Horizons

 impacting both young and old, male and female, and all nationalities, it seems that nobody is exempt from the possibility of contracting this dreaded disease. Cancer Horizons has provided valuable information on some of the most common forms impacting more than 18-million in the USA alone.

, and everything in between our writers have compiled more than 1,000 articles featuring amazing survivor stories, research, real remedies and candid discussions, successful drugs that are moving through clinical trials, breakthrough discoveries, early warning signs, diet recommendations, 

abnormal cells and the implications on health, we have also a special section related exclusively to

 Mesothelioma and Metastatic Breast Cancer which are inoperable and usually considered to be terminal.

, each person’s experience with their own diagnosis is going to be different from anyone else. We are painfully aware of the burden that this terrible disease has on families, finances, and future security which is why our selection of articles and research is meant to educate as well as uplift along the way. We honor anyone that is currently in the middle of your very own private struggle. We recognize that “good days” will come and are to be cherished for certainly the “bad days” will also come and test your will on every level.

As we continue to add valuable resources as well as information on risk factors and break-through discovery we invite you to return often for the latest in cancer research and community involvement. We will continually add new information weekly and certainly welcome suggestions on topics you would like more information on. Simply use our contact form to make suggestions on the

 you have and would like our research department to spend time gathering information that will be invaluable to you on your journey.

Thank you for being part of this dynamic cancer community as we all strive towards bringing an end to cancer and its devastating impact on so many.

“In my career of almost 30 years, I've never seen a liver cancer patient that did not have a chronic underlying liver disease,” Dr. Mindie H. Nguyen told CURE®.

What Patients With Liver Cancer Need to Know About Hepatitis B and C

Stage 4 liver cancer has a long list of symptoms that can easily be mistaken for something else which is why many are initially diagnosed at late stage 4

Stage 4 Liver Cancer

Liver Cancer: Treatment

If liver cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, and the rest of the liver is healthy, surgery to remove part of the liver is an option. However, if surgery is not an option because the rest of the liver is not healthy, transplant could be taken into consideration. However, transplant candidates may have to wait a long time for an organ to become available.

For those with inoperable liver cancer that has not spread – because the tumor is too large, is in part of the organ that makes it hard to remove, disease has spread throughout the organ or the patient is not healthy – treatment may include ablation, embolization, or both; targeted therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

To treat advanced liver cancer, initial treatment may include immunotherapy or targeted therapies. In this instance, radiation may relieve pain or other symptoms associated with the disease

Treatment for recurrent disease that was resectable initially may be eligible for further surgery or ablation or embolization. For those with unresectable disease initially, targeted therapy, immunotherapy or chemotherapy may be used.

Liver Cancer: Types of Disease

Several types of cancer can form in the liver.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer, can begin as a single tumor that grows larger or as many small cancer nodules throughout the liver. Although rare, occurring in less than 1% of HCCs, fibrolamellar is a subtype of the disease that can be seen more often in women under the age of 35.

Bile duct cancer, or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, comprises 10% to 20% of liver cancers. This subtype starts in the cells that line the small bile ducts within the liver.

Angiosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma are rare subtypes of liver cancer that begin in cells lining the blood vessels of the liver.

Hepatoblastoma, while very rare, develops in children younger than 4.

Liver Cancer: Overview

Liver cancer starts in the liver, the largest internal organ, when cells mutate in their DNA.

Signs and symptoms of liver cancer may include losing weight without trying, loss of appetite, upper abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, general weakness and fatigue, abdominal swelling, yellow discoloration of your skin and the whites of your eyes, or white, chalky stools.

Risk factors for the disease include chronic infection with HBV or HCV, cirrhosis, inherited liver diseases (hemochromatosis or Wilson's disease), diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, exposure to aflatoxins and excessive alcohol consumption.

Liver Cancer: Living with Cancer

As with other cancers, liver cancer may come with psychosocial effects, as well as the burden of the stigma surrounding the disease. However, patients are not alone and should connect with one another. There are a variety of resources available to help patients understand their diagnosis and long-term care, and to help others share their story.

Liver Cancer: Diagnosis

Most liver cancers are found because of symptoms; however, testing those at high risk for the disease may diagnose individuals earlier. The disease can be diagnosed via medical history and physical exam, imaging tests, ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, angiography, bone scan, biopsy and lab tests.

Liver cancer is usually diagnosed using the TNM system: size of the tumor, spread to nearby lymph nodes and metastasis:

Stage 1A: a single tumor that is 2 centimeters or smaller that hasn’t grown into blood vessels and has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant sites.

Stage 1B: a single tumor larger than 2 centimeters that hasn't grown into blood vessels and has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant sites.

Stage 2: either a single tumor larger than 2 centimeters that has grown into blood vessels or more than one tumor but none larger than 5 centimeters across, but has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant sites.

Stage 3A: more than one tumor, with at least one tumor larger than 5 centimeters across, but has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant sites.

Stage 3B: at least one tumor of any size that has grown into a major branch of a large vein of the liver, but has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant sites.

Stage 4A: any size single tumor or multiple tumors that spread to nearby lymph nodes, but not to distant sites.

Stage 4B: a single tumor or multiple tumors of any size that may or may not have spread to the lymph nodes, but has metastasized.

Liver | Tumor

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Stage 4 Liver Cancer

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